Izitshalo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zibizwa ngokuthi ngezokufika okanye phecelezi ama-alien plants. Lezizitshalo zanda ngokubhebhetheka kwembewu, zinamathele kwizithuthi, kubantu nezilwane, ngesinye isikhathi zingeniswe kwelinye izwe ngenhloso.
Contents
1 Inhloso yokulethwa kwazo
2 Izifiki Eziwusizo
3 Izinkinga ngalezitshalo zokufika
4 Ziyikhinyabeza kanjani imvelo
5 Izindlela zokushabalalisa lezitshalo
6 English Summary
Inhloso yokulethwa kwazo
ENingizimu Afrika kunohlobo lwezihlahla zokukhuqiza ipulangwe nephepha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, lezihlahla akufanele zidlulwe ngezinga ezokufika. Izimboni zezihlahla sezinedumela elikhulu lokutshala izihlahla zokufika ngoba zikhula ngokushesha ezinjenge:
- Pine
- Iziblawana
- Ugamthilini (eucalyptus)
- I-North America Mesquites (prosopis species) yenza ukudla kwamahhashi nezinkomo, ukupha abantu imithunzi nokutheza kwezinkuni.
- I-Lantana (Lantana camara)
- I-Bugweed (Solanum Mauritianum)
- Umsilinga (Syringa – Helia Azedarach) kukhiqizwe ngazo imisebenzi ebaziwe yokuhlobisa.
- Uwatela (Black Wattle -Acacia Mearnsii) sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini nangabantu.
- I-Rooikraans (Acacia Cyclops) zona zitholakala ezindaweni zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Kapa ukuze zivikele iziduli zenhlabathi yolwandle ukuba zingafiki onqenqemeni lolwandle (iziduli zesihlabathi zivikeliwe kulezizindawo ngokuba ziyingxenye yobuhle bemvelo yethu, ubusengozini yokushatshalaliswa yintuthuko).
Izifiki Eziwusizo
Ummbila isitshalo esidliwayo esivela eNingizimu yeMelika (South America). Ngesikhathi ufinyeleliswa kuleli waba nedumela ngokumila kwawo ungenazifo nezinambuzane, okwaba umthelela omkhulu kwezolimo, abalimi bayeka ukutshala izitshalo zesintu ezinjengamabele nezimbewu, okwakugcina kuphele ngokudliwa yizinyoni nezinambuzane. Namuhla ummbila sewamukelwa njengezinye zezitshalo zakuleli. Amazambane nawo ngawaseNingizimu yeMelika (South America) ayesinye isilinganiso sesitshalo esesaba yidumela ezimpilweni zabantu emhlabeni wonke.
Izinkinga ngalezitshalo zokufika
Ukubhebhethekela ezindaweni ezingadingeki kuzo. Ezinye zezitshalo azivami ukukhula kahle endaweni entsha kodwa kuvamile ukuthi uma sezikwelinye izwe zifike zingenazifo nazinambuzane ezizivimbela ukuba zimile zihlomule ngaphezu kwezakulo lelozwe, kwesinye isikhathi zisizwa nayisimo sezulu salapho.ENingizimu Afrika izifiki zonakalisa u-10 million wama-hectare, okungu (8,28%) wezwe laseAfrika. Zibalelwa ku-750 kuya ku – 800 wezitshalo esezafinyeleliswa eNingizimu Afrika. Kulezi zibalelwa ku 161 eziyizifiki, ezingu 44 umthetho ongazivumeli ukuba ziyekelelwe zimile. Ucwaningo olunye luveza ukuthi ngisho nazo ezendabuko izitshalo ziyakwazi ukukhinyabeza ezinye ngokwanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa izilwane kanye nezishiswa ngendlela engafanele, zisuka zithathe ngokwanda okungajwayelekile kwande nokumila kwezifiki.
Umunga (Sweet Thorn -Acacia Karoo) omunye wezitshalo zendabuko ezitholakala ezindaweni eziyimaqele noma izinkangala (grasslands).
Ziyikhinyabeza kanjani imvelo
Ukutshalwa kwezihlahla ezindaweni eziyimaqele noma izinkangala nama savannah kuba nomthelela ekuncipheni kwamanzi ehlikela emifuleni. Ucwaningo oluningi, emobili eyenziwe eDrakensberg, KwaZulu Natal, ngemuva kweminyaka ewu-20 betshale izihlahla zephayini (pine) okanye isiblawana yaveza imiphumela yamaphesenti angu 82 ekuncipheni kwezinga lamanzi ageleza emifuleni. Ikakhulu ebusika lezizifiki ziwaphuza ngokweqile amanzi.
Uma zihlangene izitshalo zokufika zivutha kalula uma kuqubuka umlilo. Imililo ithikameza ukwakheka kwenhlabathi (iningi lezimbewu lezifiki ziyazwana nomlilo)
Izifiki zisemncintiswaneni kanye nezitshalo zemvelaphi yalapha, ziqedelana indawo, zibalelwa cishe ku 1900 kwezingu 3435 wohlobo lwezitshalo ezikwi ‘red data’ eNingizimu Afrika.
Izindlela zokushabalalisa lezitshalo
- Ukususwa kwazo ngezandla (mechanical control), kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhluba isiqu, ukushisa, ukusuphula nokugawulwa kwesihlahla.
- Ukususwa ngemithi (chemical control), lena indlela edinga ubuchwepheshe nolwazi lwemithi enobuthi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane (bio-control), lendlela ihlola uhlobo lwezinambuzane oluzoqondana kuphela nalesisitshalo ukuze sishabalale, ubucayi balendlela ukuthi lezinambuzane zisuke zivela kwamanye amazwe okungaholela kwezinye izinkinga.
English Summary
Alien plants are plants species that are non-native and non-indigenous to the area. They are introduced from other countries intentionally for domestic, commercial use or accidentally. It is estimated that invasive alien plants had invaded over 10 million hectares of South African land, one million hectare have been invaded by alien plants in KwaZulu Natal.
Many rivers in KwaZulu Natal have dried up due to invasive alien species. Alien plants consume more water than indigenous plants, thus reducing water supply. It has been scientifically proven that each gum tree plant consume about 20 litres of water a day so if they are planted in the area where people live, they just dry up rivers that provide the much needed water for people and livestock.
Other alien plants are good and they grow very well in KwaZulu Natal such as mealies. Most of farmers plant mealies because it grows well in their land.
Written by: Zanele Shange
Other source: www.iol.co.za/nes/South Africa