Usuku lwamaLungelo Abantu, olukusasa eNingizimu Afrika, luyisikhumbuzo futhi lungumgubho. Sikhumbula inqwaba yabantu abafa e-Sharpeville ngomhlaka-21 Mashi 1960, kanye nenqwaba yabanye abafa belwela inkululeko ngesikhathi sobandlululo. Sigubha ibanga esesilihambile njengezwe kusukela ngo-1994 ekwamukeleni amalungelo ezakhamuzi ayisisekelo. La malungelo awumgogodla weentando yeningi kithi, futhi afakwe kuMthethosisekelo wethu, owaziwa njengentuthuko enkulu emhlabeni.
Isahluko sesibili soMthethosisekelo siqukethe Umqulu Wamalungelo Abantu, okuqukethwe kuwo kwaziswa kakhulu amadokhumenti amibili: Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, kanye noMqulu Wenkululeko waseNingizimu Afrika.
I-United Nations yakhiwa ngenyanga eyodwa nje kuphela emva kweMpi Yesibili Yemhlaba, ngenhloso yokugcina ukuthula nokuphepha kwamazwe omhlaba, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isihluku seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba ngeke siphinde senzeke. NgoDisemba 1948, eMhlanganweni Kazwelonke Wezizwe Ezihlangene owawubanjelwe e-Paris, amazwe angu-48 avotela esivumelana neSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, manje eyamukelekile yamazwe ngamazwe yamalungelo abantu. Isimemezelo saphakamisa umqondo wenoveli wangaleso sikhathi wokuthi abantu banamalungelo ayisisekelo okumele avikelwe noma ngabe bahlala kuphi noma bangobani. Ngamanye amagama, amalungelo esintu jikelele njengoba ebekiwe eSimemezelweni, athatha amalungelo esifunda adalwe umbuso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, eNingizimu Afrika, amalungelo eningi labantu ayephulwa ngokuhlelekile. Ngo-1955, ekuphenduleni uhulumeni owaqhubeka ucindezela, i-ANC yathumela amavolontiya angama-50 000 emalokishini nasemaphandleni ukuze aqoqe ‘izidingo zenkululeko’ kubantu. Esikhundleni sokusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomphakathi ekhona, imibhalo i-ANC ebimatasa iyihlanganisa izobiza ukwakhiwa kabusha okuyisisekelo kwazo zonke izici zomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela ye-Umqulu Wenkululeko wamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ngeSonto mhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana ngowe-1955 e-Congress of the People, eyayihanjelwe ngabantu ababalelwa ku-3 000. Umhlangano , wahlakazwa ngamaphoyisa ngosuku lwesibili day, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi i-Charter yayivele ifundwe ngokuphelele.
Amazwe ayisishiyagalombili kuphela ayekisa ukusayina iSivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Abantu ngo-1948, iNingizimu Afrika ingomunye wayo. Unyaka okwasayinwa ngawo iSimemezelo, futhi unyaka futhi lapho iNationalist Party yaqala khona ukuphatha eNingizimu Afrika, futhi yamukelwa ngokujwayelekile njengesiqalo sobandlululo. Mhlawumbe ukube umhlaba wawungabonanga nje izinto ezimbi ezenziwa yiWWII, nemiphumela yefilosofi ka-Adolf Hitler yokuphakama kobuhlanga, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kungenzeka ukuthi wawuyamukela kakhulu imibono yobandlululo. Ngokujabulisayo, babengekho. Kodwa-ke, nangengcindezi evela emibusweni yezwe, kusathatha cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ukwehlula uhulumeni wobandlululo. Le nkululeko eyalwelwa kanzima yamukelwa ngokugujwa kwelinye lamaholide ethu abaluleke kakhulu, uSuku Lwamalungelo Abantu.
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