Kukhona into engenzeki ngendlela engenakugwenywa ngokunciphisa amakhulu eminyaka yomlando emakhasini ambalwa. Phakathi kokunye, ukuvezwa komlando kuyashabalala ngabantu ababamba iqhaza ekudabukeni kweTheku. Okunye, emphakathini onamasiko amaningi njengeTheku, imishungo eminingi ebambe iqhaza elibalulekile izowela eceleni kwendlela. Kepha mhlawumbe umongo omncane womlando uzobonakala ulusizo ezivakashini zedolobha lethu elihle abathanda ukulazi, ngandlela thile, ukuthi sifike kanjani lapho sikhona manje.
Isikhathi sokuhlaliswa kwabantu eThekwini
Isikhathi wokuhlala kwabantu eThekwini ukubuyela emuva, kudala ngaphambi kokufika komlando orekhodiwe esifundeni. Ngenkathi ezinye zezinsalela zokuqala zesintu zitholakala eDrakensberg eseduze, manje sekutholakele ukuthi ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu abangamaNguni kanye nabakholoniyali baseYurophu abalandela, le ndawo yayigcwele abantu bokuqala baseNingizimu ye-Afrika – manje sebebizwa ngamaKhoi / San. Kwathi-ke, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kamuva, ngosuku lukaKhisimusi ngo-1497, umhloli wamazwe wasePortugal uVasco da Gama wadlula ngasesizindeni seThekwini Bay wayiqamba ngokushesha ngokuthi yiRio de Natal (Christmas River), ecabanga ukuthi imifula eminingi igelezela kuleli chibi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphambi kokufika kokuthikamezeka kwezimboni, leli chweba lahlukaniswa nolwandle ngesihlabathi, lapho izingwenya, izimvubu namaflamingo bachitha khona izinsuku zabo emanzini amakhulu etheku ngenkathi amaphethelo awo ayenamaxhaphozi igcwele ama-mangroves. Ngale kwaleli chweba (bay) kwakunegquma okwakuyikhaya lezindlovu, izimpisi namabhubesi kwaze kwaba cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, futhi manje sekunezindawo ezingaphansi kweTheku. Eminyakeni eyalandela, iRio de Natal yaba yindawo edumile yokufikela kwabahloli bamazwe nabahwebi, ikakhulukazi ngoba leli chibi lalinikeza enye yamahange (anchorages avikelekile ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Afrika.
Ukuqala kokuhlaliswa kwabaseYurophu
Ngo-1823, indawo yokuqala yokuhlala yaseYurophu yafika emkhunjini iSalisbury ngaphansi komyalo kaLieutenant James King ngenhloso yokuhweba phansi, naphansi nogu lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngenkathi isimo sezulu esingesihle siphoqa iSalisbury ukuba ikhosele emgwaqeni ongaphandle kweTheku, umkhumbi wakhe owawuphelezela, iJulia, wawela phezu kwesihlabathi futhi wahlola ichweba.
Ngokushesha uKing wakubona ukubaluleka kwaleli chweba futhi wabuyela eNgilandi wayozama ukuthola ukusekelwa kwendawo yamaNgisi. Naphezu kwemizamo yakhe akazange aphumelele, ngakho-ke wabuyela ePort Natal njengoba yayisibizwa ngabaseYurophu.
INkosi Shaka Zulu
UKing waba nobungani neNkosi uShaka Zulu eyamnika indawo ezungeze leli chweba, yamthumela eNgilandi namakhosi ayo amabili. Kodwa iqembu alizange lidlule lapho iPort Elizabeth neNkosi baphindela ePort Natal futhi, bathuthela eBluff ngaphesheya kwechweba, lapho afela khona ngenxa yesifo sohudo ngo-1828. abahlali baseThekwini babengadluli kwabayisithupha.
Emhlanganweni wango-1835, owawuthanyelwe ngabahlali ngaleso sikhathi – abangu-15 sebebonke – kwamenyezelwa idolobha, futhi laqanjwa ngokuhlonipha uMbusi waseKapa, uSir Benjamin D’Urban.
Naphezu kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zokuqala, intuthuko encane yenzeke ekuhlaleni kokuqala. Izindawo zokuhlala zazakhiwe ngodaka oluhle kanye ne-wattle ebekwe ehlathini elisogwini, futhi eminyakeni engu-12 egcwele ngemuva kwesimemezelo, kwakungekho migwaqo kule ndawo.
UDingane Wakhombisa Ukuzonda
Yize abahlali begcina ubudlelwane obuhle nomsunguli onamandla wesizwe samaZulu ngasenyakatho yabo, izinto zashintsha zaba zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi owalandela uDingane ethatha izintambo. UDingane wakhombisa ubutha nobudlova ngokusobala, kanti uShaka wayala izakhamizi zakhe ukuthi zihlale ngokuthula nabahlali abamhlophe. INatali yayithathwa ngamaZulu njengensimu yawo futhi babekezelela abafuduki abamhlophe, imikhuba yabo yokuhweba eyaba usizo kubo.
Ngo-1838 kwafika amaVoortrekkers
Ngo-1838 amaVoortrekkers afika evela e-Eastern Cape, esevele efake isicelo kule ndawo, yize amakholomu amaningi ezinqola abulawa amaZulu endleleni.
Kamuva ngalowo nyaka empini yaseNdondakusuka, abathengisi abaningi baseBrithani balahlekelwa yizimpilo zabo, kanye namakhulu amaZulu, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke. AbaseBrithani bathumela umbutho ngo-1842 ukuyolungisa ukuhleleka endaweni, futhi bavinjezelwa ngokushesha yiVoortrekkers. Kwawela uDick King nenceku yakhe uZulu uNdongeni ukuthi bagibele baye eBritish Garrison eGrahamstown ukuyothola usizo.
UDick King Wahamba Amakhilomitha angu-960 ngezinsuku ezilishumi
INkosi yazitholela indawo elidumela emlandweni wendawo ngokugibela amakhilomitha angama-960 ngezinsuku eziyishumi, yadlula iVoortrekkers futhi yadlula endaweni yasendle, engafakwanga muntu, iwela imifula engaphezu kwengu-120. Ngemuva kwenyanga amaBrithani avinjezelwe akhululeka. INkosi, eyayihlale isezingeni labaphansi, yaphinde yahamba isuka eThekwini iya enyakatho yeNatali iyoxwayisa abaseVoortrekkers ngokubulawa kukaPiet Retief yinkosi yamaZulu uDingane.
AbaseBrithani badla ingxenye eseningizimu yeNatali
Ngo-1844, abaseBrithani banamathisela ingxenye eseningizimu yeNatali eKapa Colony yabo esivele ikhona. Lesi sithasiselo sakhuliswa kakhulu ekuqaleni kwawo-1850s, lapho abafuduki abayizinkulungwane eziningana befika ngezilokotho zomuntu wase-Ireland ogama lakhe nguByrne, owayeke wavakashela eThekwini, futhi ababenethemba lokwenza imali ngokuthumela izifiki kuleli pharadesi elinzima.
Ngo-1860, bethola ukuthi amaZulu asebenza ngokungabambisani, abaseBrithani bangenisa izisebenzi zokuqala ezazivela eBrithani India ukuze ziyosebenza emasimini omoba. Kanye nabo kwafika amaNdiya “abagibeli” ababengafakwanga lutho, futhi ababekhululekile ukuhlanganyela kwezamabhizinisi.
UGeorge Cato Wakhishwa Edolobheni
Kuthathe owokufika osemusha ogama lakhe linguGeorge Cato ukubeka idolobha kahle ngemigwaqo emikhulu emithathu, ububanzi obungu-100ft – obenele ukuvula inqola nezinkabi eziyi-16 (isizathu esenza imigwaqo emaphakathi nedolobha eNingizimu Afrika ibanzi kangaka). Ngo-1860, ujantshi wahlanganisa itheku nedolobha elincane, kwathi kungakapheli neminyaka engu-30, wafinyelela eGoli, njengoba idolobha laseThekwini laqala ukwanda lisuka exhaphozini laya emagqumeni apholile aseBerea.
Ukutholakala kwegolide kwaba umfutho omkhulu ethekwini, futhi ukutholakala kwamalahle eDundee kwaholela ekutheni imikhumbi eminingi isebenzise itheku ukubopha(bunkering). Inqubekela phambili yetheku yagcina iholele ekususweni kwesanti enenkathazo ekungeneni kwetheku.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwaleli chweba, izimboni eziningi ezihlobene nezasolwandle ezifana nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, ukuntshontshwa kwamatshe kanye nokufakwa kwamakhandlela kwasungulwa eThekwini, nokomiswa kodongwe.
Uhlelo Lokukhucululwa Kwamanzi, Imigwaqo Elukhuni Nokuphakelwa Kwamanzi
Ngo-1900, leli dolobha lalinohlelo lokuthuthwa kwendle, imigwaqo eqinile nokubekwa kwamanzi. Ukunwetshwa kojantshi nakho kwaba nomphumela wokuheha abantu abavela eTransvaal, ababefisa ukuya eholidini edolobheni. Lokhu kwenza iTheku njengendawo enkulu yezivakashi, okuyisikhundla esisigcina eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu kamuva. Ngesikhathi sezingxabano ezenzeka njalo kuleli koloni, iTheku laliyindawo enkulu yokwehla kwamasosha aseBrithani.
Ngo-1932, amadolobha amaningi esathelayithi afakwa kuleli dolobha kwathi ngo-1935, iTheku lanikezwa isikhundla sedolobha. Eminyakeni eyalandela iMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, umlando weTheku wachazwa kakhulu ngokuqaliswa kobandlululo, kanye nomzabalazo wokulinganangobuntu walandela. Namuhla, lelifa seliholele ekwakhiweni kwemijondolo emikhulu esifundeni sonke.
I-Group Areas Act
Ngenkathi kuqala ukusebenza i-Group Areas Act, uMkhandlu Wedolobha uthathe isinqumo sokwakha imiphakathi ehlelekile ngokwengeziwe, futhi kwakhiwa amalokishi amakhulu ukuhlalisa abasebenzi base-Afrika enyakatho naseningizimu yeTheku.
Ngo-1994, iNingizimu Afrika yaba nokhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi, olwaluguqula unomphela ithoni nokunambitheka kweTheku. Ngo-1996, iTheku laphinde lakhuliswa laba yiThekwini Metropolitan Region, phecelezi i-Durban Metro, ngokufaka izindawo ezinkulu ezisenyakatho, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yedolobha. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, ukwanda okwengeziwe kwaholela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-Durban Unicity.