Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eThekwini, kwaZulu Natali

ITheku iBio Diverse City Yethu  

UBUWAZI?: ITheku yindawo ethandwa kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okusho ukuthi indawo eneqoqo lezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Conservation International ichaza i-hotspot njengendawo equkethe okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-1500 zezitshalo ezinemithambo yegazi esilahlekelwe okungenani amaphesenti angu-70 endawo yayo engumsuka.

INingizimu Afrika iyizwe lesithathu elinezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngemuva kweBrazil ne-Indonesia futhi iwukuphela kwezwe emhlabeni elinezindawo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezinezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo. ITheku liphakathi kwalezi zindawo eziyi-hotspot, ebizwa ngeMaputaland-Pondoland-Albany Region. Lokhu kubandakanya imvelo yasemhlabeni (njengezindawo ezinotshani namahlathi) kanye nemvelo yasemanzini (njengemifula, izilwandle namachweba). EThekwini kuphela, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-2000, izinhlobo zezilwane  zasemhlabeni ezingu-82 kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-380. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingu-69 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezingu-25 ezihlala zikhona (isb. izimvemvane, ama-millipedes kanye neminenke) kanye nezinhlobo zamasele/xoxo ezingu-37.

Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo lapho lezi zinhlobo ziba khona zisengozini enkulu. Izitshalo ezisogwini neKwaZulu Natali ngokwesibonelo, zazithatha cishe amaphesenti angu-65 eTheku. Ngonyaka ka-2007, cishe amaphesenti angu-67 ayeseguqulwe izindawo zokuhlala zasemadolobheni, kwancipha ukulima umoba. Izinga lokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala libeka izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane engozini. Sonke sidinga ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezitshalo nezilwane zomdabu. Iningi lethu lingasho amakhulukhulu emikhiqizo yabathengi kodwa asikwazi ukusho izinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona endaweni esihlala kuyo. Kudingeka siqale ukuqaphela imvelo futhi sazise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisizungezile.

UBUWAZI?: Ngezindlela eziningi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziqala futhi zigcine emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwendawo ethule, izigidi zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyahlangana, zikhiqize amakhemikhali ukuphila okuncike kuwo. Sikweleta lukhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicashe ekuncoleni nasodakeni.

UBUWAZI?: Umboshongo kakhonkolo esenkabeni yedolobha iTheku ulikhaya  lama-Lanner Falcons amaningana, uhlobo lwezilwane lwe-Red Data, oludla amajuba adla lubi kuleli dolobha futhi ahlala emakhonini kwezinye zezakhiwo eziphakeme. .

UBUWAZI?: Ilulwane elilodwa elibulala izinambuzane lingadla izinambuzane ezilingana nomiyane ezingu-2000 ngobusuku obubodwa, linikeza usizo oluyigugu lokulawula izifo nezinambuzane. Akudingekile ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lube luhle futhi luthandeke ngaphambi kokuba lufanelwe ukusindiswa.

UBUWAZI?: Izibulali-zinambuzane ezivela otshanini, ezinkundleni zegalofu nasemhlabeni wokulima zikhukhula ezindaweni ezinamanzini, okubangela ukungazali nokufa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezinjengezinsimbi zingena emizimbeni yezinhlanzi ezizenza zibe ushevu kubantu.

UBUWAZI?: Izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezishabalalayo zibonakala kahle ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, ukuphakama kwesikhuthaza khaba esisemkhathini, ukufakwa kwenitrogen nokuhlukana kwezindawo zokuhlala, okwandisa ukushabalala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo

UBUWAZI?: Ukumane uqamulise umgwaqo ehlathini kunganqamula uhlobo oluthile endaweni oluzalela kanye noludla kuyo. Umgwaqo ungaveza futhi womise indawo yokuhlala ushiye engozini izinhlobo zezilwane ngaphandle ebezikhula kahle ezindaweni ezisengozini kanye nezingakaqini kahle.

UBUWAZI?: I-Pink-footed Giant Black Millipede esengozini yokushabalala, i-Doratogonus rubipodus, itholakala kuphela ezindaweni zase-Hillcrest nase-Kloof lapho ihlala khona emahlathini. Ingxenye enkulu yendawo yayo imoshwe ukukhula kanye nezitshalo ezihlaselayo ezingaziwa.

UBUWAZI?: Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinhlobo zezilwane nakho kunganciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha zaseThekwini, ngokwesibonelo, sezinyamalele endle. Impande ye-Wild Ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus, isipiphepheto noma indungulo) ingesinye sezibonelo. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umalaleveva, isifo somlomo nesitho sangasese sowesifazane, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane kanye namakhaza. Lesi sitshalo sesinedumela embonini yezamakhambi nemithi, kodwa manje sesishabalele endaweni ngenxa yokukhiwa ngokweqile.Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo nezilwane zomdabu ngezinhloso zokwelapha nemilingo, okwaziwa ngomuthi, kuwumkhuba wamasiko osaqhubeka nokuchuma eNingizimu Afrika namanje. Isidingo esindlondlobalayo sezitshalo zokwelapha, ezimweni eziningi, asigcineki. Uhwebo lwezitshalo zokwelapha luhlonishwa njengomkhakha wezomnotho wasekhaya obalulekile kanti ngo-2007 kwalinganiselwa ukuthi bungabiza izigidi ezingu-R21 ngonyaka futhi lweseka abahwebi nabavuni ababalelwa ku-13 000 eThekwini.

UBUWAZI?: ICarbon dioxide encibilikiselwe emanzini olwandle yakha i-esidi ebuthakathaka, ephazamisa inqubo yemvelo efana nokwakheka kwamagobolondo, ukukhula kwezixhobo zamakhorali kanye nokwakheka kwamathambo amancane e-plankton.

UBUWAZI?:Isiqubulo ‘ubuntu’ sidumile eNingizimu Afrika. Lona umbono wokuthi abantu abakwazi ukuphila ngabodwana nokuthi ingqikithi yemvelaphi yethu yokuthi singobani ivela ekuxhumaneni kwethu nabanye. Kungokufanayo nangobuhlobo bethu nendawo ezungezile engokwemvelo. Thina bantu asikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo endaweni yethu.

UBUWAZI?: Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zisinikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ze-ecosystem (njengokudla, imithi nezinto zokwakha) namasevisi (afana nokulawula izikhukhula, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokugcwaliseka ngokomoya). Uma ulahlela phansi izinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo, sisengozini yokulahlekelwa yile misebenzi esekela ukuphila, ngaleyo ndlela sizifaka engozini.

UBUWAZI?: Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwandisa izifo ezibangela izifo ezifana nomalaleveva, ngoba kufaka ukulahlekelwa izilwane ezizidlayo. Umalaleveva wenza amaphesenti angu-11 ezifo e-Afrika. Ukube yaqedwa eminyakeni engu-35 edlule, i-GDP yase-Afrika ngabe yenyuke ng-$100 billion.

UBUWAZI?: Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile uma izimiso zemvelo, kanye nezimpahla ezihlinzekwayo, kufanele kugcinwe. Lezi zimpahla namasevisi zibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu. Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kusho ukugcinwa kwezindawo ezivulekile ezanele edolobheni lethu ukuze lezi zinsiza zemvelo ziphile. Enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo edolobheni lethu ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezivulekile ngokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Imisebenzi kulo lonke iDolobha ihlale isonge izindawo ezivulekile, futhi imvelo isengozini ngenxa yenzuzo yentuthuko zesikhashana. Uma izindawo ezivulekile zizincane kakhulu noma zonakalisiwe, amandla azo okuletha ubuhle nezinsiza zemvelo ayancipha, kwezinye izimo zonakalee.

Uhlelo

Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kuthuthukiswe imvelo esele nebalulekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo eThekwini, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu ziyahlangatshezwa nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kungaqhubeka ngendlela ekahle, uMasipala weTheku usungule uhlelo lweDurban Metropolitan Open Space System (DMOSS).

Ukuze kugwenywe ukushabalala okungenzeka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ngokuxhashazwa ngokweqile, kwenziwe amaphrojekthi ambalwa. I-Silverglen Medicinal Plant Nursery e-Chatsworth iyisibonelo. Yasungulwa ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvunwa okungalawuleki kwezitshalo zokwelapha endle. Kwasungulwa amasu okutshala izitshalo zokwelapha ezidingwa abelaphi bendabuko nabakha imithi. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo zokwelapha ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezitshalwa lapho.

UMasipala uphinde wethula uhlelo lwemfundo yamahhala kule ndawo yokutshala ukuze isize ukulwa nokuvuna ngokweqile endle. Abelaphi bendabuko nabakha imithi baqeqeshelwe ukuhlonza izitshalo, ukusabalalisa, ukusungulwa kwengadi nokuphatha.

Ngingenza njani?

  • Tshala ingadi yendabuko. Izitshalo nezihlahla zomdabu zikhula kahle emhlabathini wendawo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo zezulu. Ziyamelana nezinambuzane nezifo futhi maningi amathuba okuthi ihehe izilwane zasendle zendawo. Vumela ingadi yakho ibe yindawo yezilwane zasendle emphakathini wakho. Sidinga ukwakha i-mosaic yalezi zindawo ezingcwele kulo lonke idolobha, siheha izinyoni, izimvemvane kanye namaxoxo mhlawumbe.
  • Yehlisa ukwenza kwezemvelo ngokwenza izinto ezinjengokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho ugesi, ukonga amanzi, ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto kanye nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo. Ukusebenzisa ugesi ngokwesibonelo, kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa abangela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kubeka engozini kokubili izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nabantu. Ungakwazi ukonga ugesi ekhaya ngokuthenga izinto zikagesi ezonga amandla, usebenzisa amalambu i-fluorescent esikhundleni samalambu i-incandescent, usebenzisa ukukhanya kwemvelo lapho kungenzeka khona futhi usebenzise ama-blind ukuze unciphise ukushisa kanye nesidingo se-air-conditioner. Ungakwazi ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho uphethiloli.Qala ikilabhu yokuhambisana nabanye, esikhundleni sokuhamba wedwa.
  • Iba umthengi oqavile. Ukuhlala emadolobheni kukwehlukanisa nemvelo. Kuba nomkhawulo emithonjeni yokudla nakwezinye izinsiza ozisebenzisayo. Uba nomkhawulo nasezindaweni lapho imfucuza yakho iyiswa khona. Yiba nentshisekelo eyengeziwe emiphumeleni yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ozisebenzisayo. Thenga izithelo nemifino yasendaweni ungaze usebenzise amanani amakhulu kaphethiloli . Uma kungenzeka, khetha imikhiqizo yemvelo ekhiqizwe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane nomanyolo oyingozi kwimvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Zijwayeze ukuthenga izinto eziluhlaza ngokuthenga imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo futhi uphinde usebenzise izikhwama zepulasitiki uma uzinikezwa. Ipulasitiki iwumkhiqizo osuselwa ku-petroleum futhi, njengoba i-petroleum inguphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi, amagesi abamba ukushisa akhishwa lapho kukhiqizwa ipulasitiki. Amagesi abamba ukushisa anomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okubeka engcupheni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.


Ibhalwe: iDurban Natural Science Museum
Environmental Management Department, eThekwini Municipality.

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