UMartin Clement uchaza ngokuvuselelwa kwemvelo i-permaculture eDurban Botanic Gardens. IPermaculture Training Garden phrojekithi akusiyona eyokuqala ethinta iDurban Botanic Gardens ngokukhiqizwa kokudla. Ezilimo noma ‘ezomnotho’, zazinakwe kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwe-19th Century ngenkathi ama- Gardens enza izivivinyo zikamoba embonini kashukela esindlondlobele KwaZulu-Natali.
Iphrojekthi ka-2008 yayigxile kokwehlukile , ngokuhambisana nomnyakazo womhlaba wonke wokukhuliseni ukudla ngokwemvelo. Kungani? Inani elikhulu lezolimo ngomkhiqizo walo wezitshalo ezilinywe zalethe izinkinga ezonakalisayo zemvelo: imiphumela eyingozi yomanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukushabalala kokudla ngokwehlukahlukana nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zokudla. Lapho abantu beyeka ukuzikhulisela ukudla kwabo bese begcina imbewu, ‘amasiko okudla’ abo ahlukile kanye nokuvikeleka kwabo kokudla kubekwa engcupheni.
Okuqukethwe
- Yini i-Permaculture?
- Ingadi Yokudla Nezimbali Ehlangene – Food and Flower Garden in One
- Akukho ma-Chemical Pesticides
- Izilwane ziyingxenye yalenqubo
- Akudingeki ukumba
- Ukudla ‘kwasendaweni’ (Eating ‘Local’)
- Ukusetshenziswa kweGreen Technologies
- Ukulungiswa nokuphekwa kokudla (Food Preparation and Cooking – Completing the Cycle)
- Zama le-Organic Soil Conditioner
Yini iPermaculture?
I-Permaculture noma ‘ezolimo unomphela’ njengoba yathuthukiswa nguBill Mollison, iyindlela ephilayo efuna ukuphikisana nezindlela ‘zebhizinisi lezolimo’. Kugcizelela ukusebenzisana nemvelo, ukunakekela umhlaba, nokunakekela abantu. Abantu bayingxenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: izinhlelo eziningi zolwazi lwasendaweni namasiko okudla savela zivame ukuwugcina.
Singasebenzisa lendlela njengoba sakha izixazululo ezinkingeni ezindaweni zokudla nezemvelo. Ngokwenzayo, i-permaculture ingukulima okuphezulu okuhlala njalo okusebenzisa umhlaba omncane ukuthola ukudla okwanele. Ifuna futhi ukuvumela umhlaba osele ubekhona njengehlane; ukuvuselela umhlaba owonakele; kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo, kokubili endle nasezindaweni ezilinyiwe. (Ukuthola kabanzi mayelana ne-permaculture: funda Isingeniso se- read Introduction to Permaculture (revised edition), Bill Mollison, Tagari publications, 1997.). Isebenza kanjani le mibono engadini efana ne-Training Garden? Nazi ezinye izindlela lapho siphosela inselelo khona indlela oyenziwe ‘wongoti’ bezingadi njengoba sihlakulela le phrojekthi yengadi:
Ingadi Yezokudla Nezimbali Ehlangene (Food and Flower Garden in One)
Ingadi yemifino yakudala yakhona ibingabonakali ekhoneni legceke elingemuva, egcwele izaqathe/kherothi (carrots), ubhitroti nesipinashi. I-Permaculture iguqula lo mbono ekhanda. Ingadi yethu ye-permaculture izoba ilungiselelo elingenakwehlikanisa futhi ehehayo yemifino, izimbali kanye namakhambi: ingadi ekhangayo. Ukutshala okuhlanganiza izitshalo ezinhle zamakhambi nezimbali ezithile kusiza ukulawula izinkinga zezinambuzane nezifo.
Akukho ma-Chemical Pesticides
Ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali akusadingeki. I-garlic noma i-chili spray isetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane noma i-baking soda silungiselelwe ukwelapha isikhuthaza khaba (powdery mildew). Lezi izithako ezingenabo ubuthi zitholakala esitolo sendawo.
Izilwane ziyingxenye yelenqubo
Engadini ye-permaculture, izinkukhu, umquba kanye nezikelemu kubalulekile ekusekeleni ukukhula kwezitshalo. (Zama ukusesha ku-Google i-‘chicken tractor design’ futhi uthole nezinye izindlela sokukhulisa izitshalo)
Akudingeki Ukumba
Ungaqala ingadi ye-permaculture ngephandle kokumba futhi wonge amandla. Sisebenzise ukuhlanganiswa kwamashidi: izindimba (layers) zamakhadibhodi noma amaphephandaba amanzi abekwa phansi kufakwe imfucuza yensimu ngaphezulu. Ngokushesha lokhu kuguqula isiqeshana somhlaba sivunde, sibe yindawo enomsokama, engenakhula, nenokuthamba ngokuphelele. Akukho Chemical Fertilisers Nutrition ukukhulisa izitshalo: uketshezi lokukhulisa lungavela kumsokama wminyundu oqamuka phansi emhlabathini noma amanzi afakwe edilamini izikhathi eside aze akhela izilwanyana, ezincane esisamnyundu.
Ukudla ‘Kwasendaweni’ (Eating ‘Local’)
Siphila ngokudla ukudla okulinganiselwe ; kepha ifa lethu elicebile lezitshalo zomdabu nezendabuko zokudla livame ukuthathwa ngephutha ‘njengokudla kwabantu abampofu’. Isibonelo esihle imifino, imifino engapheli enothe nge-potassium futhi ngokuqinisekile inomsoco ngaphezu kweklabishi. Masibe yizakhamuzi – singagcini ngokudla ukudla okunempilo kepha sidle ukudla okuvela ezingadini zomakhelwane ukudla okuthengwayo kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zikaphethiloli ukukubeka ematafuleni ethu.
Ukusetshenziswa kweGreen Technologies
I- Local Green Energy Designer, uRichard Pocock, uyasisiza ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuluhlaza kusuka ekukhiweni kwamanzi emvula kuze kube amaphampu asebenza ngelanga. Okomanyolo sibheka emfuleni waseGardens onikezela konke kusuka emaqabungeni kuya ephepheni lasehhovisi elishisiwe. Inhloso yingadi ephilayo ekhiqizayo noma ngubani angayenza ngezindleko eziphansi. Isibonelo: amaphakethe we-tetra asetshenzisiwe kabusha (recycled tetra packs) (ama-foil namakhalibhodi kajusi) enza izitsha ezinhle zezithombo. UMark Gillmer emaPaki unezindlela ezilula zokuvikela izinambuzane nokubola.
Ukulungiswa nokuphekwa kokudla (Food Preparation and Cooking – Completing the Cycle)
Kungani kufanele utshale ukudla okunempilo okuphilayo, bese ubilisa konke ngamanzini anosawoti? Ukudla okuphekiwe kungasiza ukukhulisa izitshalo ngokuphosa izinsalela engadini. Kunoma ikuphi,sihlela ukuhlala phansi sijabulele izithelo nemifino yezithukuthuku zethu, lapho imisundululu ekugcineni izitika ngezicucu nezinsalela.
Zama le-Organic Soil Conditioner
Enye i- soil conditioner uGabriel Mngoma, umxhumanisi nomqeqeshi ngezingadi usibonisile isisombululo se-Effective Microorganism (EM). Nakhu ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani: ekuseni uqoqe uhhafu webhakede lamakhambi axutshiwe ahlanganisiwe (i-comfrey, i-lavender, i-basil, umhlonyane njalonjalo.) Kulokhu yengeza u-2 kg kashukela onsundu bese ushiya endaweni emnyama efudumele inyanga. Ungaxuba uju (gooey honey) oluzophuma lapho namanzi bese ufafaza engadini. Lokhu kuzokwenza kukhule ngokushesha nomhlabathi uvunde ngokwanele. Ukuthola kabanzi mayelana nePermaculture Training Garden eDurban Botanic Gardens, thintana noGabriel Mngoma 083 619 0892 noma uMartin Clement, oyi-Education Officer, iDurban Botanic Gardens. I-imeyili clementm@durban.gov.za